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Functional Ionic Liquid Polymer Stabilizer for High-Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics

Yunxiu Shen ¹ , Guiying Xu ¹ , Jiajia Li ² , Xia Lin ² , Fu Yang ^{1, 3} , Heyi Yang ¹ , Weijie Chen ¹ , Yeyong Wu ¹ , Xiaoxiao Wu ¹ , Qinrong Cheng ¹ , Jian Zhu ² , Yaowen Li ^{1, 2, 3, *}, Yongfang Li ^{1, 3, 4}

¹ Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.

² State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.

³ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.

⁴ Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2023, e202300690

The stability-related issues arising from the perovskite precursor inks, films, device structures and interdependence remain severely under-explored to date. Herein, we designed an ionic-liquid polymer (poly[Se-MI][BF₄]), containing functional moieties like carbonyl (C=O), selenium (Se⁺), and tetrafluoroborate (BF₄⁻) ions, to stabilize the whole device fabrication process. The C=O and Se⁺ can coordinate with lead and iodine (I⁻) ions to stabilize lead polyhalide colloids and the compositions of the perovskite precursor inks for over two months. The Se⁺ anchored on grain boundaries and the defects passivated by BF₄⁻ efficiently suppress the dissociation and migration of I⁻ in perovskite films. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of poly[Se-MI][BF₄], high efficiencies of 25.10 % and 20.85 % were exhibited by a 0.062-cm² device and 15.39-cm² module, respectively. The devices retained over 90 % of their initial efficiency under operation for 2200 h.